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Audit and Tax Services for Real Estate Businesses

We advise real-estate businesses on revenue recognition, project accounting, audits, and tax — backed by partner-level expertise in real estate management.

What the work involves

A developer sells units before they are built, collects over several years and spends on the project throughout. Under PFRS 15, revenue from such sales is generally recognised over time as construction progresses, once the contract meets the conditions of the standard. The reported result therefore depends on the stage of completion and on the estimated cost of each project.

The audit tests the percentage of completion, the accumulation of land and development costs, and the collectability of the installment contracts receivable. Projects sold to the public are also subject to registration and a licence to sell from the DHSUD.

What needs attention

  • Revenue recognition. The point at which a contract qualifies, the measure of progress, and cancellations and forfeitures.
  • Project cost. Land, development and borrowing costs, and their allocation to units sold and unsold.
  • Receivables. Installment contracts receivable, buyers’ defaults and contract assets.
  • Taxes on sales. Whether the property is an ordinary or a capital asset, VAT, creditable withholding tax, documentary stamp tax, and the installment method of reporting.
  • Leasing. Rental income, advance rentals and security deposits for lessors.

Related services

Frequently asked questions

When does a developer recognise revenue on a pre-selling project?

When the contract with the buyer meets the conditions of PFRS 15, including the probability of collecting the price, revenue is recognised over time in proportion to the progress of construction.

Why does it matter whether a property is an ordinary or a capital asset?

The classification determines the taxes on the sale. A sale of an ordinary asset is subject to income tax, creditable withholding tax and, where applicable, VAT. A sale of a capital asset is subject to capital gains tax.

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